Probiotic Lactobacilli Limit Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 Replication in Chicken Cecal Tonsil Mononuclear Cells

Isolation and Identification of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 Subtype

Optimization of incubation temperature in embryonated chicken eggs inoculated with H9N2 vaccinal subtype of avian influenza virus

There are little information about growth properties of low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) at different incubation temperatures. Knowledge of this information increases the quantity and quality of antigen in vaccine production process. For this purpose, 10-5 dilution of AIV (A/Chicken/Iran/99/H9N2) was inoculated (Intra-allantoic) into ...

Characterization of a Chicken Embryo-Adapted H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus

The low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) caused by H9N2 virus has generated economic losses in the Korean poultry industry since 1999, but field isolates could not be used for killed oil emulsion vaccine directly because of low productivity in embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). Therefore, we established a vaccine strain, KBNP-0028, by passage through ECE with allantoic fluid showing the highest v...

Monitoring virus harvesting time in embryonated chicken eggs inoculated with avian influenza H9N2 vaccine strain

Knowledge of virus and replication kinetic is one of the most important issues in the vaccine production. The present study aimed to evaluate the best harvesting time of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine strain inoculated in specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE)s. For this purpose, 10-5 dilution of AIV (A/Chicken/Iran/99/H9N2) was inoculated into 336, 11-day old ECE...

Optimizing the process of inactivating influenza virus subtype H9N2 by formalin in the production of killed avian influenza vaccine

Avian influenza is one of the most important diseases in avian industry, which also threats human population. Thus, vaccination is necessary for controlling this viral disease. In this study, killed vaccine of avian influenza subtype H9N2 and formalin solution (for virus inactivation) were used. It is necessary to study the effect of different factors such as formalin concentration, as well as ...